Budget likely to correct inverted duty structure
T.N. Government forms committee to suggest minimum wages for textile mill workers
Maharashtra textile officials visit Telangana to study weaving techniques and designs
PHDCCI urges govt to rationalise GST on textiles
‘Indian economy to grow at a robust 6.6% in FY24, says World Bank
4-day Indian Textile Trade Fair in Dhaka from today
When Indian Flowers Bloomed in Europe’: Book throws light on masterworks of Indian trade textiles
Structural reforms to make India among top 3 economies: Piyush Goyal
Punjab secures investments worth over ₹3200 cr in textiles: Anmol Maan
INTERNATIONAL
Sri Lanka's garment exports up 12.8% in Jan-Nov 2022, 8.3% down in Nov
Multi-stakeholder event on Textile Recycling on 9th February
Pakistan: Decline of Textile Industry
Beyond Big Data and tailored for textiles
European Single Market completes 30 years this month
NATIONAL
The government will likely consider correcting the inverted duty structure across sectors impacting domestic manufacturing in the upcoming Union budget, as muted external demand affects India’s exports and current account balance. The government is also considering measures to expand export credit and insurance cover, encourage services exports and provide marketing and branding support for products such as khadi and coir with geographical indication (GI) labels. The inverted duty structure, where inputs or raw materials are taxed at higher rates than finished products, hurts the competitiveness of Indian manufacturers, especially in sectors such as textiles and apparel. This makes an Indian-made product more expensive than an imported finished product.
Source: livemint
The State government has formed a committee to give its views in six months on fixing minimum wages for workers in the “other than apprentice category” in textile mills. According to an order dated November 24, 2022, the Department of Labour Welfare and Skill Development said the government decided in 2007 to include “other than apprentice workers” of textile mills under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948. The Labour Secretary sent proposals to the government in 2021 and 2022 for constitution of a committee for fixation of minimum wages for these workers. The government has accepted the proposal of the Secretary and has constituted the committee. The “other than apprentice workers” employed in spinning mills, weaving mills, open end mills, and composite mills will be covered. The committee, headed by the Additional Labour Commissioner, Coimbatore, will have five officials, six representatives of employers, and six representatives of trade unions. According to the Coimbatore District Textile Workers Union (HMS), trade unions and textile mill managements in the State signed industry-wide wage agreements from 1956 to 1997. After that textile mills decide individually on the wages. In the last few years, the mills, numbering nearly 2,500, employed apprentice workers under different categories such as daily wage workers, camp coolies, Thirumagal Thirumana Thittam, and Sumangali Thittam. These workers received minimum wages of ₹493 a day. In the recent years, the number of permanent and apprentice workers have reduced at textile mills and workers are employed under various other categories. It has become difficult to get proper wage agreements for these workers. Hence, it is necessary to fix minimum wages for workers who come under “other than apprentice” category. A meeting of the committee that was scheduled to be held here on Tuesday was postponed.
Source: The Hindu
The Commissioner of Textiles, Government of Maharashtra, Nagpur designated a team of officials to Telangana state to study the weaving techniques and designs being implemented by the weavers in Telangana and to also learn about the initiatives implemented by Telangana State. The team of officers visited Sircilla, Siddipet and interacted with the weavers of Aadarsha and Siddipet Handloom Weavers Cooperative Societies on the 8th of January. They also studied the type of yarn used by the weavers in the production of Gollabhama and Ramappa Silk Sarees and enquired about their wages. The officers also visited Sircilla’s Textile Park and Apparel Park, where they studied Rapier Loom and Semi-Automatic Powerloom techniques and interacted with powerloom weavers to learn about the benefits of schemes such as Chenetha Mithra, Nethanna Bheema and Nethannaku Cheyutha. The team then paid a visit to the Pochampally Handloom Weavers Cooperative Society in the Yadadri District on the 9th of January. Along the way, the team paid a visit to the weavers’ houses in Pochampally village and spoke with the entrepreneurs and weavers who weave ikkat in various styles and patterns in silk and cotton. The team from Maharashtra praised the Telangana State Government’s initiatives including the 40 percent yarn subsidy, insurance for weavers and Nethannaku Cheyutha. They also said that they would be implementing some of these techniques in Maharashtra. To discuss the implementation of the various schemes, the team exchanged their views with the Commissioner of Handlooms and Textiles and AEPs, Hyderabad, along with a discussion on their learnings from the visit itself. The team also appreciated Telangana Chief Minister K Chandrasekhar Rao and concerned ministers for making the Handlooms and Textiles sector a priority and for their emphasis on innovative schemes and a good T-TAP policy to bring national and international textiles to Telangana, said an official report.
Source: Apparel resources
PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PHDCCI) on Tuesday asked the government to rationalise Goods and Services Tax (GST) on textiles. “The GST on man-made fibre (Polyester Fiber) and its basic raw materials PTA (Purified Terephthalic Acid) and MEG (Mono Ethylene Glycol has been still kept at 18 per cent). The GST on Filament Yarn / Spun Yarn has been reduced to 12 per cent and on all fabrics (Man-made & Cotton) to 5 per cent leading to an inverted duty structure and blocking of working capital. The Government should bring down GST on man-made fibre and their Raw Materials PTA & MEG to 5 per cent,” the industry body said in its pre-budget expectations. It has recommended rationalizing accumulated ITC on capital goods. “At present accumulated Input Tax Credit (ITC) on capital goods is not refundable as the definition of ‘Net ITC’ in Rule 89(4) includes ITC on inputs and input services only. Circular No. 18/2017 on capital goods is not refundable. This leads to a huge blockage of the capital of exporters who have invested substantial amounts in capital goods procured from abroad or from within India on payment of IGST / GST. Non-grant refund of ITC on capital goods adds to the cost and makes Indian exports non-competitive,” it said. PHDCCI has also demanded that the man-made fibre industry from fibre/yarn to garments should be under the ministry. “MMF Industry is classified under the Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers as the input materials are Petrochemicals. However, in terms of saleable products, the yarns and fibre are under the Ministry of Textiles. This duality has generally led to confusion and chaos as all our requests are going back and forth. No one in the Ministry of Textile takes an overall view of the problem. Being administered by one Ministry would be helpful for the industry. Needless to add, keeping in view our saleable output, it should be Textile Ministry,” it said. The chamber has also demanded removal of anti-dumping duty on raw material PTA. “Availability of basic raw materials at international prices- Anti-dumping Duty (ADD) on Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) the main raw material for manufacturing polyesters which was levied in July 2014 has impacted the growth of man-made fibre very badly. There is no Anti-dumping Duty on fibre/yarn and fabric. This anomaly has allowed the import of yarns and fabrics into India at prices lower than domestic prices,” it pointed out. The Delhi-based industry body has urged the government not to allow Anti-dumping Duty on Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG). “Recently, DGTR has sent a notification to start an investigation for putting Anti-dumping Duty (ADD) on MEG. MEG is also a major raw material for the manufacture of Polyester. There has already been Anti-dumping Duty (ADD) imposed on PTA and if ADD is imposed on MEG, the whole polyester (Man-made Fibre) downstream industry could collapse. Consequently, the import of downstream products will increase and export and Man-made fibre-based products will further come down,” it said.
Source: Go chronicle
The World Bank on Tuesday projected the Indian economy to grow at a robust 6.6 per cent in 2023-24 (FY24), slowing down from an estimated 6.9 per cent in 2022-23 (FY23), citing “limited spillovers” to Asia’s third-largest economy from a projected global slowdown. In its Global Economic Prospects, the Bank said global growth may decelerate sharply in 2023 to its third weakest pace in nearly three decades, cautioning that the world economy is “perilously close” to falling into recession. “Further negative shocks — such as higher inflation, even tighter policy, financial stress, deeper weakness in major economies, or rising geopolitical tensions — could push the global economy into recession. This would mark the first time in more than 80 years that two global recessions have occurred within the same decade,” it warned. The global economy has been projected to grow by 1.7 per cent in 2023, while the Euro Area and the US are expected to grow at zero per cent and 0.5 per cent respectively during the year. China’s growth has been projected to pick up to 4.3 per cent in 2023 as the lifting of pandemic restrictions releases pent-up consumer spending. In 2022, China is expected to have grown at 2.7 per cent in 2022 — the weakest pace since the mid-1970s, except the pandemic year of 2020. On India, the Bank said the slowdown in the global economy and rising uncertainty would weigh on export and investment growth. “Governments increasing infrastructure spending and various business facilitation measures, however, will crowd in private investment and support the expansion of manufacturing capacity. Growth is projected to slow, to 6.6 percent in FY23/24 before falling back toward its potential rate of just above 6 per cent. India is expected to be the fastest-growing economy of the seven largest EMDEs (emerging market and developing economies),” it added. Most economists, however, believe India to grow at around 6 per cent or below 6 per cent in FY24, amid rising global headwinds. The Bank said the turn to more restrictive fiscal and monetary policies in several countries to address rising domestic and external imbalances and financing pressures is occurring at a time when growth is already slowing globally and output gaps are widening in several regional economies. “In India, monetary and fiscal tightening over the forecast horizon is expected to be less pronounced than in much of the rest of the (South Asia) region, as adequate policy buffers have provided breathing room to support the ongoing recovery and boost public investment,” it said. The Washington-based multilateral institution said India’s 9.7 per cent growth in the first half (April-September) of FY23 reflects strong private consumption and fixed investment growth. India’s statistics office recently projected the Indian economy to grow at 7 per cent in FY23. “Consumer inflation spent most of last year above the Reserve Bank’s upper tolerance limit of 6 per cent, prompting the policy rate to be raised by 2.25 percentage points between May and December. India’s goods trade deficit has more than doubled since 2019, and was $24 billion in November, with deficits for crude petroleum and petroleum products ($7.6 billion) and other commodities (for example, ores and minerals at $4.2 billion) accounting for the widening,” it added. The Bank said extreme weather can also complicate the implementation of macroeconomic policies in many countries. “For example, in India, more erratic monsoon rains have translated into more volatile food prices, destabilising households’ inflation expectations, undermining the ability to forecast inflation, and muddling the formulation of monetary policy,” it added.
Source:
The Commissioner of Textiles, Government of Maharashtra, Nagpur designated a team of officials to Telangana state to study the weaving techniques and designs being implemented by the weavers in Telangana and to also learn about the initiatives implemented by Telangana State. The team of officers visited Sircilla, Siddipet and interacted with the weavers of Aadarsha and Siddipet Handloom Weavers Cooperative Societies on the 8th of January. They also studied the type of yarn used by the weavers in the production of Gollabhama and Ramappa Silk Sarees and enquired about their wages. The officers also visited Sircilla’s Textile Park and Apparel Park, where they studied Rapier Loom and Semi-Automatic Powerloom techniques and interacted with powerloom weavers to learn about the benefits of schemes such as Chenetha Mithra, Nethanna Bheema and Nethannaku Cheyutha. The team then paid a visit to the Pochampally Handloom Weavers Cooperative Society in the Yadadri District on the 9th of January. Along the way, the team paid a visit to the weavers’ houses in Pochampally village and spoke with the entrepreneurs and weavers who weave ikkat in various styles and patterns in silk and cotton. The team from Maharashtra praised the Telangana State Government’s initiatives including the 40 percent yarn subsidy, insurance for weavers and Nethannaku Cheyutha. They also said that they would be implementing some of these techniques in Maharashtra. To discuss the implementation of the various schemes, the team exchanged their views with the Commissioner of Handlooms and Textiles and AEPs, Hyderabad, along with a discussion on their learnings from the visit itself. The team also appreciated Telangana Chief Minister K Chandrasekhar Rao and concerned ministers for making the Handlooms and Textiles sector a priority and for their emphasis on innovative schemes and a good T-TAP policy to bring national and international textiles to Telangana, said an official report.
Source: Apparel resources
A new book tells the story of how Indian handcrafted textiles, including dye-painted chintzes and embroidered palampores, made their way to Europe and inspired European textile manufacturing. Published by Niyogi Books, “When Indian Flowers Bloomed in Europe” is an in-depth study of 30 unique textile items from the 17th and 18th centuries in the TAPI Collection as well as similar pieces in museums around the world. The book is authored by Dutch historian Ebeltje Hartkamp-Jonxis.TAPI, a private collection in the city of Surat and an acronym for ‘Textiles and Art of the People of India’, is a testament to the rich and colourful tapestry of India’s textile and art heritage. Founded by Praful and Shilpa Shah, it is named after the River Tapi of Surat as a tribute to the city — its home.“Some 20 years ago I happened to meet Shilpa and Praful Shah at a textile fair in London, while they were looking at an Indian chintz in the stand of one of the participating art dealers. “We remained in contact, and as the time went on, we exchanged emails very regularly. The book is a result of our shared interest in Indian trade textiles,” the author said in a statement The book sheds light on how the merchant companies of Europe, established with the aim of sourcing exotic eastern spices, stumbled upon Indian handmade textiles and found these a highly profitable product for their home markets.Accompanied by rarely seen images from museums and private collections, the informative text also features examples of intricately hand-drawn dye-painted cotton chintzes made in the Coromandel Coast, and embroidered palampores and garment pieces made in Gujarat and the Deccan. “These brightly patterned, washable, colourfast and inexpensive cottons so captivated European society that they posed a threat to their local textile producers. This catalogue is aimed as a proud salute to those nameless, skilled artisans of the past who remained unaware of the enormous legacy they were to leave behind,” said Shilpa Shah, co-founder of the TAPI Collection.According to the publishers, the book is a “visual delight” featuring superb samples of handcrafted Indian textiles and embroidery from the TAPI Collection. “This book is an important addition to textile history as it explores how Indian handcrafted textiles, such as dye-painted chintzes and embroidered palampores, made their way to Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries and inspired European textile manufacturing,” said Trisha De Niyogi, director and COO of Niyogi Books. “When Indian Flowers Bloomed in Europe” is currently available for sale across offline and online stores.
Source: Indian express
Structural reforms implemented by the Indian government in the past eight years will help the country emerge among the top three developed economies in the world, India’s minister for commerce and industry Piyush Goyal has said. He was virtually addressing the recently held 27th edition of the Wharton India Economic Forum, in the US. Regarding the most impactful economic reforms that will pave the way for India’s growth story in the coming years, Goyal explained that a lot of structural changes that have taken place in the last eight years have had a significant impact on the way the Indian economy is poised to take off, according to a press release by the Indian ministry of commerce and industry. Goyal spoke of the goods and services tax (GST) as one of the important reforms and highlighted that despite the challenging global scenario recent GST collections have been very robust. He also mentioned reforms such as privatisation, digitisation of the economy, particularly the financial sector, decriminalisation of laws, and simplification of compliances that enable ease of doing business. Responding to a question regarding which sectors are strategic priorities for the government, Goyal said that infrastructure, semiconductor, and domestic manufacturing are some of the priority sectors. For domestic manufacturing, the government has introduced PLI schemes to kickstart Indian manufacturing in over 14 sectors. The minister mentioned that the government is also encouraging the private sector and industry associations to determine what types of support they need from the government. “India’s interest is to enter into bilateral free trade agreements that are balanced and in the best interests of both countries. We are engaging with like-minded countries, particularly those with a rules-based order, transparent economic systems, and entering into agreements which are a win-win for both sides,” commented Goyal. He said another learning has been recognising the importance of resilient supply chains. He said focus is on structural reforms, massive infrastructure development, digitisation, and the huge talent that India is offering to the world, which is helping rewrite India’s future. “The government will continue to support manufacturing to create jobs for a large number of people, focusing on digitisation and making India a knowledge-based economy,” added Goyal. He mentioned that India did over 74 billion financial transactions digitally, which is more than Europe, the US, and China combined.
Source: Fibre2Fashion
The Punjab government has successfully secured investments worth more than ₹3,200 crore in textiles, technical textiles, and apparel in the last nine months, said investment promotion minister Anmol Gagan Maan. The multi-crore investment secured in the textile sector is likely to create employment opportunities for more than 13,000 skilled workers in the sector. The minister said that among the many leading investing companies include Sanatan Polycott and Nahar Spinning Mills, according to a press release by Punjab’s directorate of information and public relations. Maan emphasised that this investment highlights the initiatives taken by the state government to create a favourable industrial ecosystem in the state that is conducive to business.
Source: Fibre2Fashion
INTERNATIONAL
Sri Lanka’s garment exports stood at $5,040.5 million during January-November 2022, which grew by 12.8 per cent over the exports of $4,466.7 million in the same period of the previous year, as per statistics released by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. Its garment exports dropped by 8.3 per cent in November 2022 due to the slowdown in the world economy. During the first 11 months of 2022, textile exports from the island nation increased by 2.3 per cent year-on-year to $323.9 million. However, exports of other made-up textile articles stood at $106.1 million during the same period, registering a negative growth of 10.6 per cent, according to the central bank’s report titled ‘External Sector Performance’. Textiles, garment, and other made-up textile articles’ exports together accounted for 56.91 per cent of all industrial exports from Sri Lanka during the period under review, the report showed. The exports of all textile products totalled $5,470.5 million in January-November 2022, which was 11.6 per cent higher than the shipment during the same period last year. In October 2022, garment and textile exports from the South Asian nation declined by 9.7 per cent year-on-year to reach at $449.8 million. Category-wise, garment exports decreased by 8.3 per cent to $417.8 million, while textile exports fell 21.3 per cent to $24.5 million. The exports of other made-up textile articles were down by 35 per cent to $7.5 million. On the other hand, imports of textiles and textile articles rose by 3.4 per cent to $2,864.3 million, while clothing and accessories imports were up by 1.4 per cent to $200.8 million during January- November 2022.
Source: Fibre2Fashion
The Indian and Swedish experts from academia and industry will jointly organise a multi-stakeholder hybrid event on Textile Recycling on 9th February at IIT-Delhi campus. The event, partially funded by Swedish Research Council for the Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas) and Ikea Family Foundation, will bring together an eminent group of representatives from the textile and clothing industry, including Indian and European fashion brands and recyclers, Government and Ministry delegations and leading academicians to brainstorm and concretise clear pathways for valourizing Europe-India cross-border recycling value chain with a particular focus on mechanical recycling. “The scope for match-making is immense. Promoting the establishment and adoption of multi-stakeholder, cross-border value-chain, inclusive and responsive working mechanisms to develop systemic solutions and building public-private capacity, is the need of the hour to truly transform the textile circular economy,” says Rudrajeet Pal, Full Professor at Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås – one of the main organisers of the event. The event will have dedicated panel discussions on exploring textile recycling business potential and product market opportunities, technological breakthroughs and advancements in industry standards, highlight the necessary intermediations required from governmental and regulatory bodies, and finally weave out a radical pathway that needs to be adopted for developing such circular recycling ecosystem. The event is non-academic yet emphasises on a science-led, knowledge-driven approach with over 10 years of joint research and development by an eminent Swedish-Indian team from Swedish School of Textiles (University of Borås) and Linköping University in Sweden and IIT, Delhi. Wazir Advisors and PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industries have also joined hands in supporting the event as crucial valourisation and knowledge-exchange partners. Varun Vaid, Business Director, Wazir Advisors notes, “With major thrust on garment recycling in Europe, Indian stakeholders can position themselves as the right business partners for European counterparts. This event is a step towards aligning the businesses for future collaboration.”
Source: Apparel resources
The foreign policy magazine titled the year 2022 “Pakistan’s year of turmoil,” citing the economic conditions of the country. The year 2022 ended with the unpleasant news of the partial shutting down of the textile industry, including NCL, Kohinoor Spinning Mills Limited, Suraj Cotton Mills Limited and many others, due to the prevailing economic crisis. Pakistan entered 2023 with multiple challenges, including rising debt, low foreign exchange reserves, and an energy shortage, in addition to the political chaos it went through in 2022. It is scheduled to repay more than $26 billion in foreign debt in the 2023 fiscal year. There is massive potential for the textile industry to revamp itself and build upon its potential to invite foreign investment as well as generate much-needed revenue through exports. According to the Board of Investment, Pakistan is the eighth-largest exporter of textile products in Asia. It is the fourth-largest producer and third-largest consumer of cotton. The textile industry constitutes 46 percent of the total manufacturing sector and employs 40 percent of the total labour force. It contributes significantly to the country’s industrial exports. Textile exports contributed around 61 percent to the total exports of $31.8 billion during the fiscal year 2021-2022. This industry has seen ups and downs over the years due to a variety of factors and has struggled as a result of high manufacturing costs, frequent power outages, flawed strategies, and a lack of government support policies.
Source: Daily times
Over the past three years, a dedicated AI development team at Shelton Vision, based in Leicester, UK, has been developing tailored machine learning solutions for the textiles industry. The aim has been to elevate the detection process and the accuracy of naming and grading subtle defects in textiles, in real time within production environments. “Big Data ‘off-the-shelf’ systems such as those behind technolgies like facial recognition and Google Maps involve reading many thousands of single images each second and simply take too long to accumulate sufficient data for what’s required in this specific case,” says Shelton Vision CEO and managing director Mark Shelton. “A feature of the textile industry is that in many sectors, the product range changes several times within a year and it is not uncommon to have to inspect hundreds, if not thousands of different styles in a year based on precise settings.” In terms of defect types, he adds, there may typically be over 100 that need to be accurately detected, classified (named) and graded in real time. “Added to this is the need to ‘filter out’ the random occurrence of ‘non defects’, such as loose threads, lint and dust on the surface – the number of which can be higher than actual defects – and it is clear that a bespoke system is required.”
Metadata
The development team has consequently established metadata for identifying defect properties, enabling the successful identification of faults from a much smaller number of images. “The system employs a unique combination of machine learning for automated style training and novel algorithms for defect detection, to provide high quality images for the AI real time defect classification and grading software,” Shelton explains. “Due to the inherent variation in fabric features – raw materials, construction, texture, colour and finishes, as well as the differing product quality standards in value chains and the regional variations in what defects are called – our AI engine uses models built for each individual company or group of companies, or product value chain.”The AI models are constructed so that the user operatives can populate them with their own data produced by the vision system or by obtaining defect images from another imaging source (eg a mobile phone camera). The occurrence of defects is sporadic and many defect types occur infrequently, although when they do, they can have severe consequences. These scenarios reinforce the need for the AI engine to be quickly set up and able to operate accurately with limited data sets of typically between 30 and 50 good quality images per defect type. A further feature is a tool enabling the user to periodically ‘clean up’ the AI data during the set up phase. This is used to resolve conflicting data and to correct mis-named images.
Process operation
Generally, the highest cost component of fabric production is the raw material and in addition to finished product inspection, a cost effective use for vision systems is in process operation. “There is a need for the real time detection of defects that are being created in separate processes, such as printing or coating and for real time automated systems that can accurately determine the defects and their severity and provide a reliable signal for an operative to rectify the issue, This can result in considerable savings. Prior to Shelton introducing powerful customised machine vision and real time defect classification, the only systems available were those that required manual sifting through vast numbers of images, which included both real defects and ‘non defect’ images. The task was very often overwhelming and did not provide much benefit beyond manual fabric inspection. The Shelton Vision AI development has been completely self-funded and there are many systems already operating in the field in demanding textile applications, as business critical systems that require robust design to provide the needed up time. “Studies show that the intelligent fabric inspection systems of Shelton Vision’s WebSpector with tailored AI solutions out-perform human inspection in terms of speed, accuracy and consistency,” says Jason Kent, CEO of the British Textile Machinery Association (BTMA). “In addition, there is a global drift of people away from the type of activity that fabric inspection requires, making the company’s technology increasingly valuable to forward-looking mills.”
Source: Innovation in textiles
The European Union (EU) celebrated the 30th anniversary of its Single Market—one of the major achievements of European integration, and one of its key drivers. Established on January 1, 1993, the European Single Market allows goods, services, people, and capital to move around the EU freely, making life easier for people and opening up new opportunities for businesses. Over 30 years, the Single Market has led to an unprecedented market integration between member states’ economies, serving as a driver for growth and competitiveness and supporting Europe’s economic and political power at a global level. It also played a key role in accelerating the economic development of new member states that joined the EU, removing barriers to entry and boosting growth, according to a press release by the European Commission. More recently, the Single Market has been essential in helping Europe deal with the COVID-19 pandemic and the energy crisis resulting from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Based on the EU’s Fit For 55 and Digital Decade proposals, the EU’s European Green Deal is putting in place a regulatory framework to underpin Europe’s green and digital transitions. The Single Market also helps ensure the continued availability of essential inputs for businesses, including of critical raw materials and advanced technologies. EU legislation allows consumers to trust that all products on the Single Market are safe and based on high standards of environmental, labour, personal data, and human rights protection. The continent’s response to the energy crisis is based on the REPowerEU plan, which relies on the power of the Single Market for the EU to jointly procure more diversified energy sources and significantly accelerate the development and deployment of clean and renewable energy.
Source: Fibre2Fashion
